Skin Infections and Infestations
Viral Infections (continued)
Molluscum contagiosum
| Poxviridae | |
| Molluscum contagiosum | |
| Etiology: | Molluscum contagiosum virus |
| Incubation: | 14 days - 6 months |
| Clinical features:
|
Shiny, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication Spontaneous resolution after 6-9 months |
Warts
Warts
Warts
Warts
Warts
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | |
| Warts: | > 70 different HPV genotypes are recognized |
| Incubation: | Weeks to 2 years |
| Clinical features: | Common, plantar, plane, filiform, anogenital |
| Complications: | Possible cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and carcinoma |
Rubella
Rubella Syndrome
| Togaviridae | |
| Rubella (German Measles) | |
| Clinical features: | Incubation 14-21 days, minimal symptoms |
| Rash:
|
First on face, spread to trunk, limbs; pink macules that become confluent |
| Complications:
|
None in childhood Rubella in pregnancy (first 16 weeks) can result in damage to the fetus |
| Prevention: | Rubella vaccine is given in the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine |
Measles
| Paramyxovirus | |
| Rubeola (Measles) | |
| Clinical features: | Incubation 10 days; fever, malaise, cough, photophobia |
| Rash:
|
Koplik spots (2nd day) Rash begins day 4, begins on head, spreads to rest of body within 24 hours. Maculo-papular. Fine desquamation. |
| Complications: | Pneumonia, encephalitis |
| Prevention: | Measles vaccine is given in the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine |
Fifth Disease
Fifth Disease
| Parvovirus B19 | |
| Erythema Infectiosum | |
| Rash: | Low-grade fever followed by a "slapped cheek" rash on the face, and an erythematous eruption on the trunk, neck, and extremities. |
| Complications: | In adults, acute arthropathy most common. Associated aplastic crisis, chronic anemia, and fetal hydrops. |
Kaposi's sarcoma
Oral leukoplakia
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | |
| Etiology: | HIV-1 is a retrovirus that infects human CD4+ T-cells and monocytes/macrophages |
| Clinical features: | Acute HIV infection - maculopapular rash |
| Neoplastic lesions:
|
Kaposi's sarcoma most common B-cell and T-cell lymphomas Squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas Melanomas have a poorer prognosis in AIDS patients |
| Infectious lesions:
|
Majority of cutaneous manifestations of HIV appear in the form of
infections. Herpesviruses, HPV, molluscum contagiosum virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and candidiasis most often. |
| Non-infectious lesions: | Seborrheic dermatitis, hair changes, "papulopruritic eruption", psoriasis |
